5 февраля
Александр Никулин: У нас много нерадивых собственников, которые покупали землю для того, чтобы реализовать ее под застройку
У нас много так называемых нерадивых собственников, которые покупали землю для того, чтобы ее перевести в категорию несельскохозяйственного назначения и каким-то образом реализовать, например, под застройку. Такие участки в основном находятся в Зеленоградском, Гурьевском районах вокруг Калининграда. Это достаточно дорогие земли, и до сих пор они не обрабатываются. Закон сегодня позволяет изымать землю у таких владельцев, однако на деле применить его не так просто.
Камнем преткновения на пути реализации закона остается неэффективное распределение контрольных функций между федеральными и местными структурами. У нас есть два уровня земельного контроля: федеральный, которым занимается управление Росреестра, и муниципальный земельный контроль, который осуществляют местные администрации. При этом муниципалитеты не наделены полномочиями для того, чтобы штрафовать нарушителей или даже фиксировать по своему усмотрению эти нарушения. «Муниципалы» составляют акты и передают их в управления Росреестра, а у тех нет такого количества штатных сотрудников, чтобы заниматься земельным контролем. За год они в состоянии проверить использование не более пяти процентов земель сельхозназначения. То есть, нет механизма эффективного контроля использования сельхозугодий.
В регионах есть министерства сельского хозяйства, которые имеют выход на муниципалитеты в виде районных сельскохозяйственных управлений, есть инфраструктура для реализации контрольных функций. Наделив их дополнительными полномочиями, можно будет ликвидировать нынешнее «двоевластие», а точнее, «недовластие», когда «муниципалы» в лице сельхозуправлений могут выявлять, но не могут штрафовать, а «федералы» в лице Росреестра – наоборот. Но на сегодня эта инициатива не встретила понимания у федеральных законодателей.
Другая преграда - на уровне федерального законодательства нет четкого определения критериев, которые позволяют признать земли необрабатываемыми. Если на таком заброшенном участке в сотню гектаров хотя бы местами скошена трава, или на десяти сотках посажен картофель, участок может считаться обработанным. Это очень удобная лазейка для недобросовестных землепользователей. А проверить использование участка можно только один раз в три года. За это время владелец может оформить дарственную на родственника или продать участок, и для правопреемника отсчет начинается с нуля.
Но есть другой путь. Поскольку «кнута» у нас нет, попробовали предложить землевладельцам «пряник». Причем такой, какого нет у других регионов. Во всяком случае, я с подобным опытом пока не знаком, чтобы на региональном уровне была принята правительственная программа возвращения в оборот сельскохозяйственных земель. Она предусматривает частичную компенсацию затрат на возвращение в оборот участков, которые раньше не обрабатывались. За три года мы вернули в оборот около ста тысяч гектаров пашни. Остаются невозделанными земли, сложные в оформлении: те, у которых либо не установлен собственник, либо они находятся в курортной зоне или в окрестностях Калининграда.
*мнение приводит журнал «Балтийский статус»
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Новости по этой теме
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