Владимир Зарин: Спрос на бесплатные парковки - это спрос, который невозможно удовлетворить
В последнее время часто поднимается вопрос о бесплатных парковках в центре Калининграда. Убеждение наших автовладельцев в том, что при покупке автомобиля им автоматически положено бесплатное выделение земельного участка под парковку, причем в том месте и в то время, когда они этого хотят, к сожалению, является ошибочным. Во-первых, логика, по меньшей мере, странная, во-вторых, всех желающих в центре города всё равно не разместишь. Спрос на бесплатные парковки - это спрос, который невозможно удовлетворить.
Вот аналитика по европейским городам. Оставить машину на улице в центре Вены вы можете не более чем на 2 часа, и стоит это 1 евро за 30 минут. Оставить машину на час в центре Праги обойдется в 1,5 евро (40 чешских крон), в Гамбурге - 2 евро, в Копенгагене от 2,5 до 4 евро (17 – 29 датских крон), а в Амстердаме – целых 5 евро. Центр Лондона – вообще зона платного въезда, но то только парковки.
В 2010 году в центре Стокгольма построили новый офисный центр с конгресс-холлом и отелем суммарной площадью около 40 000 кв. м. Муниципалитет разрешил инвестору сделать всего 7 (!) парковочных мест на все здание. На вопрос «почему?» городские власти дали четкий ответ - не нужно загружать центр города транспортом.
Ни в одном крупном городе, в котором я был, нет бесплатного паркинга в центральной его части. Хотя в силу особенностей организации правил парковки у туристов может формироваться иллюзия, что бесплатный паркинг существует. Но стоит действительно бесплатно воспользоваться таким паркингом, как с высокой степенью вероятности владелец транспортного средства к своему удивлению обнаружит на лобовом стекле штрафную квитанцию.
В чем причина? Вспомните историю развития европейских городов. В 1960-х годах массовое производство автомобилей и дешевый бензин привели к тому, что большинство европейских городов в какой-то момент оказывались захваченными автомобилями. Шум, выхлопные газы, улицы и площади, заполоненные припаркованными машинами, сделали центры городов крайне некомфортными для пребывания. К 80-м годам произошел перелом в общественном сознании, стало ясно, что если не принять меры, города задохнутся от трафика. Удобные и доступные паркинги в центре - это сигнал для горожанина приезжать в центр на автомобиле. Между тем, к этому времени уже стало понятно, что потока автомобилей, устроенного по принципу «один человек – один автомобиль», «один покупатель – один автомобиль», центр города просто не выдержит. Поэтому городская транспортная политика изменилась коренным образом. Идея заключалась в том, чтобы донести до горожан простую мысль: автомобиль в центре припарковать трудно и дорого, сюда надо приезжать на общественном транспорте, на такси, или со спутником за рулем, который тебя довезет и немедленно уедет куда-нибудь подальше от центра. Зоны дорожного движения и парковки были постепенно сокращены, мест для отдыха и прогулок стало значительно больше. Города стали более комфортными для жизни.
Сейчас наш город переживает тот же опыт, что Европа 50 лет назад. Количество автомобилей на 1000 населения в Калининграде превысило критическую отметку. Но нам есть, у кого учиться, у кого перенимать положительный опыт. Политическая воля, грамотное городское планирование и последовательный переход к новой концепции сможет обеспечить Калининграду заслуженное место среди самых комфортных для жизни городов.
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Новости по этой теме
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