Георгий Дыханов: Субсидировать рыболовство — это, в принципе, правильно. Важно — кому и как будут давать субсидии на лов рыбы
Мы не выбираем наши квоты, ни прибрежные, ни океанические. Мы имеем океан, мы имеем внутренние водоемы, и еще мы имеем аквакультуру: искусственно выращенную рыбу. Аквакультура — это очень дорого. Во всех наших расчетах, сколько мы ни считали, редкие сорта рыб - угорь, осетр, форель и, очень редко, окунь — проходят порог окупаемости хотя бы в течение 5-7 лет. То есть аквакультура — последнее дело, когда уже вообще ничего не осталось. А вот самое первое дело — добывать биоресурсы. Биоресурсы добывать необходимо, поэтому программа (утвержденная на днях программа «Развитие прибрежного рыболовства в Калининградской области на 2013-2020 годы», - прим. RUGRAD.EU) своевременна. Не то, что своевременна — архисвоевременна. Но дьявол кроется в деталях.
Что такое низкорентабельные сорта рыбы? Низкорентабельными они делаются для того, чтобы мы, потребители, могли эту рыбу себе позволить. Другими словами, если сказать рыбакам: «Ребята, ловите, как хотите», то стоимость салаки станет такой высокой, что баночка шпрот для большинства потребителей станет деликатесом, чем она и является на Западе. Поэтому, с одной стороны, мы субсидируем как бы производителя, но с другой - мы таким образом субсидируем покупателя. Конечно, если эти деньги не будут украдены и распилены, и если эти производители не обнаглеют и не станут увеличивать цены, даже получив субсидии.
Субсидировать рыболовство — это, в принципе, правильно. И суда им нужны другие, и субсидировать нужно рыбаков, которые тоже сельскохозяйственники и должны сделать много вложений до того, как получат прибыль. Важно кому и как будут давать эти субсидии. Важна стратегия. Сейчас в Калининградской области работают более ста рыболовных компаний. Реально говоря, их нужно пятьдесят. С высокопроизводительным флотом, а не с этими ржавыми посудинами, на которых они работают. Лично я не понимаю, зачем сохранять маленькие компании.
Каждая страна борется за количество рыбы, потребляемой населением. Поэтому во многих странах рыбакам-частникам дают льготные кредиты, субсидируют их. У Дании стратегия такая: они поддерживают компании, которые используют высокотехнологичные суда, поэтому там компании каждые три года обновляют флот. В Финляндии другой подход: они поддерживают малый бизнес, когда собственник судна сам на нем ловит, или небольшие семейные компании, таким образом решая проблему занятости населения. Норвегия субсидирует северный флот. В Канаде и США стратегия субсидий иная, но всегда есть ясная и понятная цель. Я хочу понять: у нашей программы какая цель? Мы хотим возродить рыболовный флот, как в СССР? Идея хорошая, но не очень региональная, я думаю. Мы хотим поддержать малый бизнес? Занятость? Или мы хотим хотя бы выбрать квоты? Или новые технологии внедрить? Больше всего боюсь, что деньги будут потрачены, а стратегия не определена.
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Новости по этой теме
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