Светлана Нижегородова: Для бизнеса уголовное преследование — это «страшный сон»
Генпрокуратура, Следственный комитет, МВД, ФСБ и ФТС подписали совместный документ, регламентирующий проведение оперативно-следственных мероприятий (ОРМ), дознания и предварительного следствия в отношении предпринимателей. У меня по данному поводу только один комментарий — очень хотелось бы, чтобы этот документ реально работал. Для бизнеса уголовное преследование — это «страшный сон». Если такое случается, то, как правило, бизнесмен не только теряет свое предприятие, но зачастую и свободу. И то, что сказано в данном документе, анонсированном в прессе, — это практически те случаи, которые бывают у всех бизнес-омбудсменов, получающих заявления от преследуемых предпринимателей.
Во-первых, невмешательство правоохранителей в гражданско-правовые отношения компаний, а также обеспечение условий для беспрепятственного продолжения бизнеса в тех случаях, когда в отношении их владельца проводятся проверки или возбуждаются уголовные дела. В аппарат постоянно поступают такие заявления. Например, в прошлом году одно из таких незаконно возбужденных в отношении предпринимателя дел было закрыто нами совместно с областной прокуратурой. Классический случай, когда в обычный арбитражный спор по вполне понятным причинам вмешались правоохранители и просто «кошмарили» предпринимателя.
Во-вторых, запрещается изъятие предметов и документов, относящихся к ведению хозяйственной деятельности и принадлежащих лицам, которые не считаются подозреваемыми или обвиняемыми. Исключение делается только в том случае, если эти документы могут служить доказательством по уголовному делу. Кроме того, документ предусматривает изъятие оригиналов документов и носителей информации, касающихся хозяйственной деятельности только в тех случаях, когда они непосредственно подлежат исследованию в рамках доследственной проверки или при возбуждении уголовного дела. Если оперативники не могут при этом оставить бизнес-структурам копии изъятых документов, то копиями придется ограничится им самим. Любое изъятие должно быть: 1) обосновано; 2) всегда должны быть предоставлены копии. Должны уйти те времена, когда приходят правоохранители и вынимают весь офис: бумаги, электронные носители, системные блоки, а потом зачастую и не возвращают их. В прошлом году закрывали такое незаконно возбужденное уголовное дело в отношении предпринимателя. Там в течение нескольких лет правоохранители изымали электронные носители с информацией и ничего не возвращали. Прокуратура встала на сторону предпринимателя, но между тем до обращения ко мне всё это длилось несколько лет.
В-третьих, сроки следствия должны быть соблюдены: «если сроки превышают 12 месяцев, прокуроры на местах должны информировать об этом центральный аппарат Генпрокуратуры». Тема, когда следствие в отношении предпринимателя длится годами, и он просто живет под этим «дамокловым мечом», терпит обыски и не может нормально вести бизнес, — такого не должно происходить.
* Мнение высказано уполномоченным по защите прав предпринимателей в Калининградской области в беседе с корреспондентом RUGRAD.EU.
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Новости по этой теме
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