Россия ратифицировала протокол о вступлении в ВТО

{"ID":"516087","~ID":"516087","TAGS":"ВТО, россия, ратификация","~TAGS":"ВТО, россия, ратификация","NAME":"Россия ратифицировала протокол о вступлении в ВТО","~NAME":"Россия ратифицировала протокол о вступлении в ВТО","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Президент России Владимир Путин 21 июля подписал федеральный закон \u0026quot;О ратификации Протокола о присоединении РФ к Марракешскому соглашению об учреждении Всемирной торговой организации от 15 апреля 1994 г.\u0026quot;, сообщает пресс-служба Кремля. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Напомним, Совет Федерации ратифицировал протокол 18 июля, нижняя палата парламента \u0026mdash; Государственная дума \u0026mdash; одобрила присоединение к ВТО 10 июля. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Основной целью деятельности ВТО является снижение барьеров в международной торговле, упразднение таможенных пошлин и импортных квот. Переговоры о вступлении России в ВТО начались в 1995 году. Однако лишь с 2000 года они переросли в полномасштабный процесс, охватывающий все аспекты присоединения страны к Всемирной торговой организации. Как напоминает \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2012\/07\/21\/vto.html\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Российская газета\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E, наиболее острыми в ходе дискуссий оказались вопросы господдержки сельского хозяйства, фитосанитарного и ветеринарного контроля, квот на поставку продовольственной продукции, пошлин на древесину, а также вопрос промышленной сборки автомобилей. Переговорный процесс зашел в тупик в 2006 году, когда Россия повысила ввозные пошлины на древесину с 6,5 до 25%. Страны ЕС эту инициативу восприняли весьма болезненно и поставили ультиматум: если пошлины не снизятся, ЕС не даст своего согласия на присоединение России к ВТО. В результате тариф временно заморозили, но при этом Москва предупредила, что повысит ставки с 2012 года до 80%, если вопрос о вступлении в ВТО снова застопорится. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Протокол о присоединении России к глобальному торговому клубу был подписан 16 декабря 2011 года в Женеве. Спустя 220 дней с этого момента Россия должна была ратифицировать протокол, а также документы, где прописываются правила доступа товаров и услуг на российский рынок. Вокруг вступления России в ВТО разгорелись бурные споры, оппозиция называла вступление в организацию едва ли не смертью российской экономики. Отмечалось, что снижение тарифной защиты является основным фактором риска для развития отраслей, особенно для рынка мяса, зерна, молока, сельхозмашиностроения, которое может повлечь рост импорта и, как следствие, сокращение отечественного производства, рабочих мест, прежде всего на предприятиях с низким технологическим уровнем и высокой себестоимостью выпускаемой продукции. Депутаты Госдумы решили перевести споры в судебное русло, и обратились в Конституционный суд, который признал Протокол о вступлении в ВТО конституционным. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E После ратификации Россия приобретает членство ВТО и принимает на себя обязательства, которые предусмотрены многосторонними торговыми соглашениями. Также протокол становится частью правовой системы РФ. В случае если протоколом установлены иные правила, чем предусмотрены российским законодательством, применяются правила протокола. Переходные периоды для либерализации доступа на рынок составляют 2-3 года, по наиболее чувствительным товарам - 5-7 лет. К чувствительным отраслям, в которых могут возникнуть определенные экономические и финансовые сложности в связи с новыми условиями, члены рабочей группы по ратификации отнесли автомобильную промышленность, сельское хозяйство, сельхозмашиностроение и легкую промышленность. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Как заявлял глава Минэкономразвития Андрей Белоусов, прямые потери бюджета РФ от снижения импортных пошлин после вступления в ВТО могут в 2013 году составить 188 млрд руб., в 2014 году - 257 млрд руб. Однако реальные потери бюджета, по его мнению, будут существенно меньше вследствие роста торговли и налогооблагаемой базы. В результате, по словам министра, собираемость таможенных пошлин повысится. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E На сегодня в ВТО состоит 80% стран мира, на их долю приходится 97% мирового торгового оборота. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n ","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Президент России Владимир Путин 21 июля подписал федеральный закон \u0026quot;О ратификации Протокола о присоединении РФ к Марракешскому соглашению об учреждении Всемирной торговой организации от 15 апреля 1994 г.\u0026quot;, сообщает пресс-служба Кремля. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Напомним, Совет Федерации ратифицировал протокол 18 июля, нижняя палата парламента \u0026mdash; Государственная дума \u0026mdash; одобрила присоединение к ВТО 10 июля. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Основной целью деятельности ВТО является снижение барьеров в международной торговле, упразднение таможенных пошлин и импортных квот. Переговоры о вступлении России в ВТО начались в 1995 году. Однако лишь с 2000 года они переросли в полномасштабный процесс, охватывающий все аспекты присоединения страны к Всемирной торговой организации. Как напоминает \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rg.ru\/2012\/07\/21\/vto.html\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Российская газета\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E, наиболее острыми в ходе дискуссий оказались вопросы господдержки сельского хозяйства, фитосанитарного и ветеринарного контроля, квот на поставку продовольственной продукции, пошлин на древесину, а также вопрос промышленной сборки автомобилей. Переговорный процесс зашел в тупик в 2006 году, когда Россия повысила ввозные пошлины на древесину с 6,5 до 25%. Страны ЕС эту инициативу восприняли весьма болезненно и поставили ультиматум: если пошлины не снизятся, ЕС не даст своего согласия на присоединение России к ВТО. В результате тариф временно заморозили, но при этом Москва предупредила, что повысит ставки с 2012 года до 80%, если вопрос о вступлении в ВТО снова застопорится. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Протокол о присоединении России к глобальному торговому клубу был подписан 16 декабря 2011 года в Женеве. Спустя 220 дней с этого момента Россия должна была ратифицировать протокол, а также документы, где прописываются правила доступа товаров и услуг на российский рынок. Вокруг вступления России в ВТО разгорелись бурные споры, оппозиция называла вступление в организацию едва ли не смертью российской экономики. Отмечалось, что снижение тарифной защиты является основным фактором риска для развития отраслей, особенно для рынка мяса, зерна, молока, сельхозмашиностроения, которое может повлечь рост импорта и, как следствие, сокращение отечественного производства, рабочих мест, прежде всего на предприятиях с низким технологическим уровнем и высокой себестоимостью выпускаемой продукции. Депутаты Госдумы решили перевести споры в судебное русло, и обратились в Конституционный суд, который признал Протокол о вступлении в ВТО конституционным. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E После ратификации Россия приобретает членство ВТО и принимает на себя обязательства, которые предусмотрены многосторонними торговыми соглашениями. Также протокол становится частью правовой системы РФ. В случае если протоколом установлены иные правила, чем предусмотрены российским законодательством, применяются правила протокола. Переходные периоды для либерализации доступа на рынок составляют 2-3 года, по наиболее чувствительным товарам - 5-7 лет. К чувствительным отраслям, в которых могут возникнуть определенные экономические и финансовые сложности в связи с новыми условиями, члены рабочей группы по ратификации отнесли автомобильную промышленность, сельское хозяйство, сельхозмашиностроение и легкую промышленность. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n \r\n\u003Cp\u003E Как заявлял глава Минэкономразвития Андрей Белоусов, прямые потери бюджета РФ от снижения импортных пошлин после вступления в ВТО могут в 2013 году составить 188 млрд руб., в 2014 году - 257 млрд руб. Однако реальные потери бюджета, по его мнению, будут существенно меньше вследствие роста торговли и налогооблагаемой базы. 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