Пересчет методики Doing Business поднял Россию на 62 из 189 мест

Фото провэд.рф

{"ID":"720993","~ID":"720993","TAGS":"всемирный банк, рейтинг, страны с наиболее привлекательной регуляторной средой, doing business, бизнес, реформы, рф","~TAGS":"всемирный банк, рейтинг, страны с наиболее привлекательной регуляторной средой, doing business, бизнес, реформы, рф","NAME":"Пересчет методики Doing Business поднял Россию на 62 из 189 мест","~NAME":"Пересчет методики Doing Business поднял Россию на 62 из 189 мест","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EВсемирный банк (ВБ) представил очередной выпуск рейтинга стран с наиболее привлекательной регуляторной средой Doing Business 2015, в нем Россия заняла 62-е место из 189 возможных, расположившись между Грецией и Молдавией и опередив, как и в прошлом году, другие страны БРИКС (Китай на 90-м месте, Бразилия на 120-м). Итоговый рейтинг для каждой страны формируется на основе опросов компаний (всего по миру 10,2 тыс. респондентов) по десяти параметрам с одинаковым весом . Отметим, в докладе, выпущенном годом ранее, РФ располагалась на 92-й позиции, тогда ее прогресс в рейтинге к 2012 году составил плюс 20 строк. Об этом \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/kommersant.ru\/doc\/2600086\u0022 \u003Eсообщает\u003C\/a\u003E газета \u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ этом году эксперты ВБ применили новую методологию расчета финальных оценок стран: взамен относительного ранжирования по каждой стране был подсчитан абсолютный индекс \u0026laquo;отдаленности от лучших мировых практик\u0026raquo;. В ВБ полагают, что правительства стран таким образом смогут получить более достоверную оценку успешности реформ по дерегулированию бизнеса. Россия в итоге получила 66,66 балла, что на 1,6 балла выше пересмотренной оценки за прошлый год и соответствует продвижению в рейтинге с 64-го места ровно на две позиции. Остальные 28 строк с 92-го места (и 3,44 балла) РФ преодолела в процессе изменения методологии. Заметим, на лидеров рейтинга его пересмотр не повлиял совсем: как и годом ранее перечень возглавил Сингапур (88,27 балла), в верхнюю пятерку вошли также Новая Зеландия, Гонконг, Дания и Южная Корея (у всех этих стран оценки выше 80 баллов). Выше России расположилась и Белоруссия (57-е место), тогда как Казахстан упал до 76-го места.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nПри составлении рейтинга не принималось в расчет введение санкций в отношении России и ответных ограничений на импорт продовольствия. \u0026quot;Методология оценки не позволяет их учесть, так как предполагает довольно узкий фокус на качестве регулирования среднего бизнеса, работающего в стране\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; отмечает один из соавторов исследования Валентина Салтане. Последние консультации с российским правительством по рейтингу проводились в мае и июне этого года, то есть до введения секторальных ограничений.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nНововведения коснулись и сбора информации: впервые при расчете рейтинга учитывалась не только Москва, но и Санкт-Петербург (аналогичная реформа коснулась еще 10 стран с населением свыше 100 млн человек). В большинстве случаев это не привело к существенному изменению результатов исследования, однако в Санкт-Петербурге легче получить доступ к электросетям и разрешение на строительство (удельный вес города составил 0,3), отмечают в ВБ. Пересмотрены были и три из десяти критериев: к защите миноритарных инвесторов был добавлен \u0026quot;индекс акционерного управления\u0026quot; (учитывает прозрачность компаний, роль акционеров в принятии решений), при оценке разрешения неплатежеспособности теперь учитывают состояние правовой базы, по получению кредитов была повышена шкала оценки.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ случае с банкротствами это привело к снижению места в рейтинге за прошлый год на семь позиций (до 62-го места), за год РФ потеряла еще три позиции. По защите инвесторов, напротив, к росту на 18 позиций, до 97-го места (за год изменений не произошло), показатель между тем остается одним из самых низких по миру. Сильнее же всего пересчет по новой методологии отразился на доступности кредитов (сдвиг на 54 позиции, до 55-го места). Категория не предполагает прямой оценки стоимости кредитов, скорее это оценка наличия информации о кредиторах.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nЗа исключением фактора переоценки рост рейтинга в этом году наблюдался по критериям, покрытым \u0026quot;дорожными картами\u0026quot;, утвержденными правительством еще в прошлом году. Так, по получению разрешений на строительство произошел сдвиг на 16 строчек, до 156-го места (из-за сокращения числа процедур до 20, а времени на их прохождение до 238 дней). Как и в прошлом году, улучшилась позиция по регистрации новых предприятий \u0026mdash; на 24 строчки, до 34-го места (теперь на это потребуется 11 дней вместо 15), и по регистрации собственности \u0026mdash; на 5 позиций, до 12-го места (на три процедуры уйдет 19 дней, а не 22). В свою очередь, среди наиболее проблемных направлений в ВБ называют доступ к электросетям \u0026mdash; на подключение к ним теперь потребуется 180 дней вместо 162, в итоге РФ оказалась лишь на 143-м месте по этому критерию. \u0026laquo;Бизнес пока что не увидел эффекта от проводимых реформ\u0026raquo;,\u0026mdash; указывает Валентина Салтане. Среди самых низких остается и оценка по показателю \u0026laquo;международная торговля\u0026raquo; \u0026mdash; несмотря на снижение издержек на экспорт и импорт (в пересчете на контейнер на $200, до $2400 и $2600 соответственно), РФ снизилась на одну позицию, до 155-го места.\u003C\/p\u003E","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EВсемирный банк (ВБ) представил очередной выпуск рейтинга стран с наиболее привлекательной регуляторной средой Doing Business 2015, в нем Россия заняла 62-е место из 189 возможных, расположившись между Грецией и Молдавией и опередив, как и в прошлом году, другие страны БРИКС (Китай на 90-м месте, Бразилия на 120-м). Итоговый рейтинг для каждой страны формируется на основе опросов компаний (всего по миру 10,2 тыс. респондентов) по десяти параметрам с одинаковым весом . Отметим, в докладе, выпущенном годом ранее, РФ располагалась на 92-й позиции, тогда ее прогресс в рейтинге к 2012 году составил плюс 20 строк. Об этом \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/kommersant.ru\/doc\/2600086\u0022 \u003Eсообщает\u003C\/a\u003E газета \u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ этом году эксперты ВБ применили новую методологию расчета финальных оценок стран: взамен относительного ранжирования по каждой стране был подсчитан абсолютный индекс \u0026laquo;отдаленности от лучших мировых практик\u0026raquo;. В ВБ полагают, что правительства стран таким образом смогут получить более достоверную оценку успешности реформ по дерегулированию бизнеса. Россия в итоге получила 66,66 балла, что на 1,6 балла выше пересмотренной оценки за прошлый год и соответствует продвижению в рейтинге с 64-го места ровно на две позиции. Остальные 28 строк с 92-го места (и 3,44 балла) РФ преодолела в процессе изменения методологии. Заметим, на лидеров рейтинга его пересмотр не повлиял совсем: как и годом ранее перечень возглавил Сингапур (88,27 балла), в верхнюю пятерку вошли также Новая Зеландия, Гонконг, Дания и Южная Корея (у всех этих стран оценки выше 80 баллов). Выше России расположилась и Белоруссия (57-е место), тогда как Казахстан упал до 76-го места.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nПри составлении рейтинга не принималось в расчет введение санкций в отношении России и ответных ограничений на импорт продовольствия. \u0026quot;Методология оценки не позволяет их учесть, так как предполагает довольно узкий фокус на качестве регулирования среднего бизнеса, работающего в стране\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; отмечает один из соавторов исследования Валентина Салтане. Последние консультации с российским правительством по рейтингу проводились в мае и июне этого года, то есть до введения секторальных ограничений.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nНововведения коснулись и сбора информации: впервые при расчете рейтинга учитывалась не только Москва, но и Санкт-Петербург (аналогичная реформа коснулась еще 10 стран с населением свыше 100 млн человек). В большинстве случаев это не привело к существенному изменению результатов исследования, однако в Санкт-Петербурге легче получить доступ к электросетям и разрешение на строительство (удельный вес города составил 0,3), отмечают в ВБ. Пересмотрены были и три из десяти критериев: к защите миноритарных инвесторов был добавлен \u0026quot;индекс акционерного управления\u0026quot; (учитывает прозрачность компаний, роль акционеров в принятии решений), при оценке разрешения неплатежеспособности теперь учитывают состояние правовой базы, по получению кредитов была повышена шкала оценки.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ случае с банкротствами это привело к снижению места в рейтинге за прошлый год на семь позиций (до 62-го места), за год РФ потеряла еще три позиции. По защите инвесторов, напротив, к росту на 18 позиций, до 97-го места (за год изменений не произошло), показатель между тем остается одним из самых низких по миру. Сильнее же всего пересчет по новой методологии отразился на доступности кредитов (сдвиг на 54 позиции, до 55-го места). Категория не предполагает прямой оценки стоимости кредитов, скорее это оценка наличия информации о кредиторах.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nЗа исключением фактора переоценки рост рейтинга в этом году наблюдался по критериям, покрытым \u0026quot;дорожными картами\u0026quot;, утвержденными правительством еще в прошлом году. Так, по получению разрешений на строительство произошел сдвиг на 16 строчек, до 156-го места (из-за сокращения числа процедур до 20, а времени на их прохождение до 238 дней). Как и в прошлом году, улучшилась позиция по регистрации новых предприятий \u0026mdash; на 24 строчки, до 34-го места (теперь на это потребуется 11 дней вместо 15), и по регистрации собственности \u0026mdash; на 5 позиций, до 12-го места (на три процедуры уйдет 19 дней, а не 22). 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