Fitch: В России усиливается централизация

{"ID":"583555","~ID":"583555","TAGS":"Fitch, централизация","~TAGS":"Fitch, централизация","NAME":"Fitch: В России усиливается централизация","~NAME":"Fitch: В России усиливается централизация","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"828","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"828","DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003EДоля целевых трансфертов из федерального бюджета регионам постоянно растет. Эта тенденция вместе с обязательным повышением заработной платы работникам бюджетной сферы и учреждением региональных дорожных фондов с выделенными источниками доходов снижает гибкость местных и региональных органов власти и повышает централизацию межбюджетных отношений. Об этом сообщается в новом обзоре \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/fitchratings.ru\/media\/specialreports\/6928CF82-E202-4498-8C33-AD2E78D31C03\/Russian%20Subnationals%20special%20report%20270313%20RUS.pdf\u0022 \u003EFitch Ratings\u003C\/a\u003E \u0026quot;Регионы РФ: стабилизация показателей на фоне усиления централизации\u0026quot;. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Кроме того, эксперты отмечают давление на операционные и капитальные расходы российских регионов в последние два года. Самая сложная задача, стоящая перед российскими местными и региональными органами власти, \u0026ndash; это выполнение новых обязательств, переданных в регионы российским президентом и федеральным правительством в ходе парламентской и президентской предвыборных кампаний в 2011-2012 годах. \u0026laquo;В некоторых случаях это происходило без обеспечения эквивалентных финансовых источников. В 2012 году расходы на медицинское обслуживание были переданы от муниципалитетов в региональные бюджеты. Дополнительные расходы предполагалось компенсировать за счет сокращения текущих трансфертов из региональных бюджетов в муниципальные, однако иногда этого не происходило. Централизация медицинских услуг на \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E региональном уровне была направлена на повышение качества государственных медицинских услуг за счет улучшения финансирования. Это поддерживалось крупной национальной программой модернизации медицинского обслуживания, в соответствии с которой регионы получили значительные разовые и текущие капитальные трансферты на эти цели\u0026raquo;, - отмечают в Fitch. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Кроме того, сразу после выборов регионам было предписано существенно увеличить заработную плату работников бюджетной сферы согласно указу президента, при этом зарплата в сферах образования и здравоохранения должна была быть приведена в соответствие со средней зарплатой в регионе. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E При этом регионам становится ощутимо дороже привлекать кредитные ресурсы. Федеральное правительство намерено сократить общий объем кредитов из федерального бюджета, предоставляемых регионам в 2013 году, отмечают эксперты. \u0026laquo;В сочетании с необходимостью выплачивать кредиты с наступающими сроками, это приведет к увеличению рыночных заимствований. Постепенная замена дешевых субсидируемых кредитов из федерального бюджета рыночными заимствованиями приведет к повышению стоимости финансирования с приблизительно 4% в год до 8%-10% в год. Более сильные регионы с развитой системой управления долгом будут в большей степени полагаться на внутренние облигации со сроками погашения от трех до пяти лет. Другие будут привлекать заимствования у банков на один-три года\u0026raquo;, - отмечают в Fitch. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Отметим, что, несмотря на прежние заявления премьера Дмитрия Медведева о необходимости обратного процесса \u0026mdash; децентрализации полномочий, курс на укрепление \u0026quot;бюджетной вертикали\u0026quot; фактически закреплен в недавно одобренной правительством госпрограмме повышения устойчивости региональных и местных бюджетов. Как пишет газета \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/kommersant.ru\/doc\/2156184\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E со ссылкой на Минфин РФ, из-за неравномерности распределения налоговой базы по стране основным способом делить деньги более или менее поровну остаются межбюджетные трансферты. Ведомство полагает, что в разделе налоговых доходов между центром и регионами сейчас сложился относительный паритет (52% на 48%), и возможности для передачи на места новых отчислений от федеральных налогов \u0026quot;весьма ограниченны\u0026quot;. Так что губернаторам стоит надеяться не на новые источники доходов, а на улучшение нормативного регулирования межбюджетных отношений.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003EДоля целевых трансфертов из федерального бюджета регионам постоянно растет. Эта тенденция вместе с обязательным повышением заработной платы работникам бюджетной сферы и учреждением региональных дорожных фондов с выделенными источниками доходов снижает гибкость местных и региональных органов власти и повышает централизацию межбюджетных отношений. Об этом сообщается в новом обзоре \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/fitchratings.ru\/media\/specialreports\/6928CF82-E202-4498-8C33-AD2E78D31C03\/Russian%20Subnationals%20special%20report%20270313%20RUS.pdf\u0022 \u003EFitch Ratings\u003C\/a\u003E \u0026quot;Регионы РФ: стабилизация показателей на фоне усиления централизации\u0026quot;. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Кроме того, эксперты отмечают давление на операционные и капитальные расходы российских регионов в последние два года. Самая сложная задача, стоящая перед российскими местными и региональными органами власти, \u0026ndash; это выполнение новых обязательств, переданных в регионы российским президентом и федеральным правительством в ходе парламентской и президентской предвыборных кампаний в 2011-2012 годах. \u0026laquo;В некоторых случаях это происходило без обеспечения эквивалентных финансовых источников. В 2012 году расходы на медицинское обслуживание были переданы от муниципалитетов в региональные бюджеты. Дополнительные расходы предполагалось компенсировать за счет сокращения текущих трансфертов из региональных бюджетов в муниципальные, однако иногда этого не происходило. Централизация медицинских услуг на \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E региональном уровне была направлена на повышение качества государственных медицинских услуг за счет улучшения финансирования. Это поддерживалось крупной национальной программой модернизации медицинского обслуживания, в соответствии с которой регионы получили значительные разовые и текущие капитальные трансферты на эти цели\u0026raquo;, - отмечают в Fitch. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Кроме того, сразу после выборов регионам было предписано существенно увеличить заработную плату работников бюджетной сферы согласно указу президента, при этом зарплата в сферах образования и здравоохранения должна была быть приведена в соответствие со средней зарплатой в регионе. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E При этом регионам становится ощутимо дороже привлекать кредитные ресурсы. Федеральное правительство намерено сократить общий объем кредитов из федерального бюджета, предоставляемых регионам в 2013 году, отмечают эксперты. \u0026laquo;В сочетании с необходимостью выплачивать кредиты с наступающими сроками, это приведет к увеличению рыночных заимствований. Постепенная замена дешевых субсидируемых кредитов из федерального бюджета рыночными заимствованиями приведет к повышению стоимости финансирования с приблизительно 4% в год до 8%-10% в год. Более сильные регионы с развитой системой управления долгом будут в большей степени полагаться на внутренние облигации со сроками погашения от трех до пяти лет. Другие будут привлекать заимствования у банков на один-три года\u0026raquo;, - отмечают в Fitch. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Отметим, что, несмотря на прежние заявления премьера Дмитрия Медведева о необходимости обратного процесса \u0026mdash; децентрализации полномочий, курс на укрепление \u0026quot;бюджетной вертикали\u0026quot; фактически закреплен в недавно одобренной правительством госпрограмме повышения устойчивости региональных и местных бюджетов. Как пишет газета \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/kommersant.ru\/doc\/2156184\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E со ссылкой на Минфин РФ, из-за неравномерности распределения налоговой базы по стране основным способом делить деньги более или менее поровну остаются межбюджетные трансферты. Ведомство полагает, что в разделе налоговых доходов между центром и регионами сейчас сложился относительный паритет (52% на 48%), и возможности для передачи на места новых отчислений от федеральных налогов \u0026quot;весьма ограниченны\u0026quot;. Так что губернаторам стоит надеяться не на новые источники доходов, а на улучшение нормативного регулирования межбюджетных отношений.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","PREVIEW_TEXT":"Доля целевых трансфертов из федерального бюджета регионам постоянно растет. ","~PREVIEW_TEXT":"Доля целевых трансфертов из федерального бюджета регионам постоянно растет. 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