Финансирование досрочных пенсий для работников вредных производств хотят переложить с государства на бизнес

Фото kommersant.ru

{"ID":"518062","~ID":"518062","TAGS":"пенсии, РФ, пенсионная система, реформа","~TAGS":"пенсии, РФ, пенсионная система, реформа","NAME":"Финансирование досрочных пенсий для работников вредных производств хотят переложить с государства на бизнес","~NAME":"Финансирование досрочных пенсий для работников вредных производств хотят переложить с государства на бизнес","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"4070","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"4070","DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EМинистерство труда может начать новую реформу пенсионной системы с сотрудников вредных и опасных производств. Финансирование выплат для них досрочных пенсий предлагается переложить с государства на бизнес уже в 2013-2014 годах. Такую идею реформирования пенсионной системы направил министру труда и социальной защиты Максиму Топилину Институт гуманитарного развития мегаполиса, пишет сегодня \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/1991066\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E. По словам источников издания, предложения ИГРМ в числе прочих 25 июля обсуждались на последнем заседании рабочей группы по разработке стратегии развития пенсионной системы и частично были поддержаны. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ пользу реформирования института досрочных пенсий ИГРМ приводит несколько аргументов, наиболее конкретным из которых является цифра 339 млрд руб. Столько должен будет потратить Пенсионный фонд России на выплаты досрочных трудовых пенсий по старости в 2012 году, что составляет около трети общего дефицита ПФР, указывают авторы документа. На 1 января 2012 года из 33 млн человек, получающих трудовую пенсию по старости, 10,9 млн человек имеют льготные основания, более 6 млн из них \u0026mdash; из-за работы на вредных и опасных производствах. По мысли разработчиков предложений, так как в настоящее время досрочные пенсии \u0026quot;вредникам\u0026quot; финансируются за счет общих взносов по обязательному пенсионному страхованию, это является \u0026quot;скрытым перекрестным субсидированием соответствующих предприятий\u0026quot;, которые в силу \u0026quot;бесплатности\u0026quot; для них досрочных пенсий не мотивированы улучшать условия труда. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nЧтобы мотивировать предприятия, авторы документа предлагают полностью переложить на них финансовую нагрузку по обеспечению досрочного выхода на пенсию сотрудников вредных производств. Делать это предлагается несколькими способами, но основных идей две: повысить для предприятий размер отчислений в ПФР за сотрудников вредных производств, уже заработавших право на досрочную пенсию (с 2013 года), и постепенно (с 2014 года) заменить ее различными корпоративными (в том числе пенсионными) программами социальной компенсации. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИдея повышенных отчислений в ПФР от владельцев вредных производств поддерживается большинством экспертов, работающих над пенсионной реформой. Так, председатель комитета Госдумы по труду и социальной политике Андрей Исаев заявил, что \u0026laquo;нельзя лишать людей на вредном производстве права на льготную пенсию, а вот их работодатели должны платить более высокие взносы. По нашим подсчетам, почти 60% людей, которые выходят на льготную пенсию, продолжают работать, то есть государство фактически финансирует работу вредных производств\u0026raquo;. При этом повышение отчислений в ПФР предприятия смогут компенсировать налоговыми льготами. \u0026quot;Если повышенные тарифы страховых взносов для вредных производств будут прописаны в Налоговом кодексе, то компании смогут учитывать расходы на них при расчете налога на прибыль в общем порядке\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; пояснил замдиректора департамента налоговой и таможенно-тарифной политики Минфина Сергей Разгулин. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИГРМ также предложил полный вывод пенсионного обеспечения новых сотрудников вредных производств из государственной сферы, однако эта идея была воспринята не столь однозначно. \u0026quot;Отмена льгот для \u0026quot;новичков\u0026quot; не противоречит Конституции, однако в такой постановке вопрос переводится из экономической плоскости в политическую\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; считает завкафедрой Московской государственной юридической академии Денис Рогачев. Опасения экспертов вызывает и возможность давления на сотрудников со стороны работодателей при заключении договоров о льготах, компенсирующих отменяемые досрочные пенсии. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nОчередное заседание рабочей группы по разработке пенсионной стратегии состоится 1 августа. На заседание, отмечает \u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;, приглашены представители медицинского сообщества и сферы образования, так как им также грозит реформа досрочных пенсий. Впрочем, врачи и учителя являются бюджетниками, поэтому решить проблему, просто введя для их работодателей повышенный тариф отчислений в ПФР, невозможно. Что же касается \u0026quot;вредников\u0026quot;, то, по мнению источников издания, знакомых с ситуацией, велика вероятность того, что отмена досрочных пенсий пройдет по описанному сценарию. \u003C\/p\u003E","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EМинистерство труда может начать новую реформу пенсионной системы с сотрудников вредных и опасных производств. Финансирование выплат для них досрочных пенсий предлагается переложить с государства на бизнес уже в 2013-2014 годах. Такую идею реформирования пенсионной системы направил министру труда и социальной защиты Максиму Топилину Институт гуманитарного развития мегаполиса, пишет сегодня \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/1991066\u0022 \u003E\u0026laquo;Коммерсант\u0026raquo;\u003C\/a\u003E. По словам источников издания, предложения ИГРМ в числе прочих 25 июля обсуждались на последнем заседании рабочей группы по разработке стратегии развития пенсионной системы и частично были поддержаны. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ пользу реформирования института досрочных пенсий ИГРМ приводит несколько аргументов, наиболее конкретным из которых является цифра 339 млрд руб. Столько должен будет потратить Пенсионный фонд России на выплаты досрочных трудовых пенсий по старости в 2012 году, что составляет около трети общего дефицита ПФР, указывают авторы документа. На 1 января 2012 года из 33 млн человек, получающих трудовую пенсию по старости, 10,9 млн человек имеют льготные основания, более 6 млн из них \u0026mdash; из-за работы на вредных и опасных производствах. По мысли разработчиков предложений, так как в настоящее время досрочные пенсии \u0026quot;вредникам\u0026quot; финансируются за счет общих взносов по обязательному пенсионному страхованию, это является \u0026quot;скрытым перекрестным субсидированием соответствующих предприятий\u0026quot;, которые в силу \u0026quot;бесплатности\u0026quot; для них досрочных пенсий не мотивированы улучшать условия труда. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nЧтобы мотивировать предприятия, авторы документа предлагают полностью переложить на них финансовую нагрузку по обеспечению досрочного выхода на пенсию сотрудников вредных производств. Делать это предлагается несколькими способами, но основных идей две: повысить для предприятий размер отчислений в ПФР за сотрудников вредных производств, уже заработавших право на досрочную пенсию (с 2013 года), и постепенно (с 2014 года) заменить ее различными корпоративными (в том числе пенсионными) программами социальной компенсации. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИдея повышенных отчислений в ПФР от владельцев вредных производств поддерживается большинством экспертов, работающих над пенсионной реформой. Так, председатель комитета Госдумы по труду и социальной политике Андрей Исаев заявил, что \u0026laquo;нельзя лишать людей на вредном производстве права на льготную пенсию, а вот их работодатели должны платить более высокие взносы. По нашим подсчетам, почти 60% людей, которые выходят на льготную пенсию, продолжают работать, то есть государство фактически финансирует работу вредных производств\u0026raquo;. При этом повышение отчислений в ПФР предприятия смогут компенсировать налоговыми льготами. \u0026quot;Если повышенные тарифы страховых взносов для вредных производств будут прописаны в Налоговом кодексе, то компании смогут учитывать расходы на них при расчете налога на прибыль в общем порядке\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; пояснил замдиректора департамента налоговой и таможенно-тарифной политики Минфина Сергей Разгулин. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИГРМ также предложил полный вывод пенсионного обеспечения новых сотрудников вредных производств из государственной сферы, однако эта идея была воспринята не столь однозначно. \u0026quot;Отмена льгот для \u0026quot;новичков\u0026quot; не противоречит Конституции, однако в такой постановке вопрос переводится из экономической плоскости в политическую\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; считает завкафедрой Московской государственной юридической академии Денис Рогачев. 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