ЦБ неожиданно пошел на либерализацию политики

{"ID":"481290","~ID":"481290","TAGS":"","~TAGS":"","NAME":"ЦБ неожиданно пошел на либерализацию политики","~NAME":"ЦБ неожиданно пошел на либерализацию политики","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"4067","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"4067","DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EТренд на закручивание гаек в банковском надзоре сменился беспрецедентной для последнего времени либерализацией. Банкам разрешили кредитовать многих ранее сочтенных сомнительными заемщиков, включая даже офшоры, при наличии доказательств реальности их бизнеса. Такой подарок банкирам ЦБ сделал под давлением объективных и не очень обстоятельств. В числе первых эксперты называют продолжающееся уже два месяца снижение корпоративного кредитного портфеля, ко вторым относят вмешательство в ситуацию высшего руководства страны.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ пятницу Банк России опубликовал на сайте проект поправок к инструкции \u0026quot;Об обязательных нормативах банков\u0026quot;, существенно либерализующих ранее обнародованные регулятором требования по контролю за кредитными рисками. Как следует из документа, ЦБ готов отказаться от начавшегося после кризиса 2008-2009 годов жесткого закручивания гаек в отношении кредитования банками достаточно большой группы заемщиков. Поблажки будут сделаны для стратегических предприятий, компаний, являющихся реальными налогоплательщиками, малого и среднего бизнеса и даже, как ни парадоксально, офшорных компаний. К таким заемщикам банки смогут не применять повышенный коэффициент риска 1,5 при расчете норматива достаточности капитала (против стандартного \u0026mdash; 1), что существенно увеличивает их шансы на получение кредитов. Столь радикальная смена тона в давней дискуссии ЦБ с банкирами о целесообразности ужесточения контроля за кредитными рисками произошла впервые за почти полтора года обсуждения новых посткризисных правил игры. В полной мере (в отношении всех кредитов, включая ранее выданные) они вступят в силу с 1 июля. До сих пор практически все многочисленные предложения участников рынка, в том числе крупнейших, по смягчению требований ЦБ отклонялись.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nНовый подход ЦБ либерализует оценку кредитных рисков по тем заемщикам, которые ведут реальную деятельность. Доказательством этого, по мнению ЦБ, является вхождение предприятий-заемщиков в президентский и правительственный перечни стратегических предприятий, участие в реализации государственного оборонного заказа, а также уплата налогов.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ новой редакции инструкции 110-И добросовестным налогоплательщиком предлагается считать заемщика, который в течение 12 месяцев до получения банковского кредита уплатил в бюджет налоги в размере не менее 10% от привлекаемой ссуды. По словам зампреда ЦБ Михаила Сухова, такой подход регулятор позаимствовал у ФНС, которая, определяя целесообразность той или иной частоты проверок налогоплательщиков, считает нормальным уровнем налоговой нагрузки объем уплаченных налогов в 3-27% от оборота компании в зависимости от отрасли. \u0026quot;В целях банковского надзора мы этот подход немного упростили, но смысл остался таким же \u0026mdash; это своеобразный тест на реальность бизнеса заемщика\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; заявил он.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nДля офшорных компаний из-за специфики их деятельности ЦБ разработал отдельный алгоритм подтверждения реальности бизнеса. Кредитовать их без использования повышенных коэффициентов риска банки смогут при наличии поручителей с высокими рейтингами и одновременном раскрытии информации о реальных бенефициарах заемщиков-резидентов офшорных зон. \u0026quot;Это позволит пресечь схему превращения полученных в банках кредитов в невозвратные ссуды путем вывода их в офшоры на фирмы-пустышки, как это случилось в том же Банке Москвы\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; пояснил господин Сухов. Для поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса повышенные коэффициенты риска банкам можно будет не применять к ссудам менее 5 млн руб., если они не превышают 0,1% от капитала банка, а также к кредитам до 50 млн руб. на покупку коммерческой недвижимости, если доля собственного участия заемщика в такой сделке не менее 40%.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\u0026quot;Это правильные, очень своевременные меры, о необходимости которых мы и представители других банков неоднократно говорили регулятору,\u0026mdash; указывает финансовый директор Сбербанка Александр Морозов.\u0026mdash; В противном случае страна могла бы столкнуться с серьезным замедлением темпов роста или даже с падением кредитования\u0026quot;. \u0026quot;Нам отрадно сознавать, что диалог с ЦБ оказался конструктивным: учтены, конечно, не все предложения банков, но многие из них\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; заявил представитель другого крупного банка из топ-5. \u0026quot;Послабления, на которые пошел ЦБ,\u0026mdash; реверанс больше в сторону госбанков, частным игрокам хотелось бы рассчитывать на дальнейшую тонкую настройку требований регулятора\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; указывает зампред правления Абсолют-банка Евгений Ретюнский. Впрочем, по сведениям \u0026quot;Ъ\u0026quot;, и на текущие послабления ЦБ пошел не по собственной воле. Ситуацию изменили указания, данные регулятору в марте на самом высоком уровне, рассказали несколько участников рынка. По словам одного из них, это произошло в ходе совещания 12 марта у президента Дмитрия Медведева с чиновниками экономического блока и представителями крупных банков по вопросам развития банковского сектора. Простимулировало власти оперативно разрешить вопрос, скорее всего, то, что в январе и феврале этого года темпы прироста корпоративного кредитного портфеля в целом по банковскому сектору впервые за долгое время стали отрицательными (-0,9% ежемесячно).\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИсточник: \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 \u003Ekommersant.ru\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EТренд на закручивание гаек в банковском надзоре сменился беспрецедентной для последнего времени либерализацией. Банкам разрешили кредитовать многих ранее сочтенных сомнительными заемщиков, включая даже офшоры, при наличии доказательств реальности их бизнеса. Такой подарок банкирам ЦБ сделал под давлением объективных и не очень обстоятельств. В числе первых эксперты называют продолжающееся уже два месяца снижение корпоративного кредитного портфеля, ко вторым относят вмешательство в ситуацию высшего руководства страны.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ пятницу Банк России опубликовал на сайте проект поправок к инструкции \u0026quot;Об обязательных нормативах банков\u0026quot;, существенно либерализующих ранее обнародованные регулятором требования по контролю за кредитными рисками. Как следует из документа, ЦБ готов отказаться от начавшегося после кризиса 2008-2009 годов жесткого закручивания гаек в отношении кредитования банками достаточно большой группы заемщиков. Поблажки будут сделаны для стратегических предприятий, компаний, являющихся реальными налогоплательщиками, малого и среднего бизнеса и даже, как ни парадоксально, офшорных компаний. К таким заемщикам банки смогут не применять повышенный коэффициент риска 1,5 при расчете норматива достаточности капитала (против стандартного \u0026mdash; 1), что существенно увеличивает их шансы на получение кредитов. Столь радикальная смена тона в давней дискуссии ЦБ с банкирами о целесообразности ужесточения контроля за кредитными рисками произошла впервые за почти полтора года обсуждения новых посткризисных правил игры. В полной мере (в отношении всех кредитов, включая ранее выданные) они вступят в силу с 1 июля. До сих пор практически все многочисленные предложения участников рынка, в том числе крупнейших, по смягчению требований ЦБ отклонялись.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nНовый подход ЦБ либерализует оценку кредитных рисков по тем заемщикам, которые ведут реальную деятельность. Доказательством этого, по мнению ЦБ, является вхождение предприятий-заемщиков в президентский и правительственный перечни стратегических предприятий, участие в реализации государственного оборонного заказа, а также уплата налогов.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nВ новой редакции инструкции 110-И добросовестным налогоплательщиком предлагается считать заемщика, который в течение 12 месяцев до получения банковского кредита уплатил в бюджет налоги в размере не менее 10% от привлекаемой ссуды. По словам зампреда ЦБ Михаила Сухова, такой подход регулятор позаимствовал у ФНС, которая, определяя целесообразность той или иной частоты проверок налогоплательщиков, считает нормальным уровнем налоговой нагрузки объем уплаченных налогов в 3-27% от оборота компании в зависимости от отрасли. \u0026quot;В целях банковского надзора мы этот подход немного упростили, но смысл остался таким же \u0026mdash; это своеобразный тест на реальность бизнеса заемщика\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; заявил он.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nДля офшорных компаний из-за специфики их деятельности ЦБ разработал отдельный алгоритм подтверждения реальности бизнеса. Кредитовать их без использования повышенных коэффициентов риска банки смогут при наличии поручителей с высокими рейтингами и одновременном раскрытии информации о реальных бенефициарах заемщиков-резидентов офшорных зон. \u0026quot;Это позволит пресечь схему превращения полученных в банках кредитов в невозвратные ссуды путем вывода их в офшоры на фирмы-пустышки, как это случилось в том же Банке Москвы\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; пояснил господин Сухов. Для поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса повышенные коэффициенты риска банкам можно будет не применять к ссудам менее 5 млн руб., если они не превышают 0,1% от капитала банка, а также к кредитам до 50 млн руб. на покупку коммерческой недвижимости, если доля собственного участия заемщика в такой сделке не менее 40%.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\u0026quot;Это правильные, очень своевременные меры, о необходимости которых мы и представители других банков неоднократно говорили регулятору,\u0026mdash; указывает финансовый директор Сбербанка Александр Морозов.\u0026mdash; В противном случае страна могла бы столкнуться с серьезным замедлением темпов роста или даже с падением кредитования\u0026quot;. \u0026quot;Нам отрадно сознавать, что диалог с ЦБ оказался конструктивным: учтены, конечно, не все предложения банков, но многие из них\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; заявил представитель другого крупного банка из топ-5. \u0026quot;Послабления, на которые пошел ЦБ,\u0026mdash; реверанс больше в сторону госбанков, частным игрокам хотелось бы рассчитывать на дальнейшую тонкую настройку требований регулятора\u0026quot;,\u0026mdash; указывает зампред правления Абсолют-банка Евгений Ретюнский. Впрочем, по сведениям \u0026quot;Ъ\u0026quot;, и на текущие послабления ЦБ пошел не по собственной воле. Ситуацию изменили указания, данные регулятору в марте на самом высоком уровне, рассказали несколько участников рынка. По словам одного из них, это произошло в ходе совещания 12 марта у президента Дмитрия Медведева с чиновниками экономического блока и представителями крупных банков по вопросам развития банковского сектора. Простимулировало власти оперативно разрешить вопрос, скорее всего, то, что в январе и феврале этого года темпы прироста корпоративного кредитного портфеля в целом по банковскому сектору впервые за долгое время стали отрицательными (-0,9% ежемесячно).\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nИсточник: \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022 \u003Ekommersant.ru\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","PREVIEW_TEXT":"","~PREVIEW_TEXT":"","PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","~PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","DETAIL_PICTURE":{"ID":"248345","TIMESTAMP_X":"30.01.2015 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