Правительство задумалась над лишением естественных монополий налоговых льгот в пользу региональных бюджетов

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{"ID":"455727","~ID":"455727","TAGS":"налоги, льготы, монополии, бюджет","~TAGS":"налоги, льготы, монополии, бюджет","NAME":"Правительство задумалась над лишением естественных монополий налоговых льгот в пользу региональных бюджетов","~NAME":"Правительство задумалась над лишением естественных монополий налоговых льгот в пользу региональных бюджетов","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003EРабочая группа вице-премьера правительства РФ Александра Хлопонина разработала предложения о перераспределении налоговых доходов в пользу регионов. Одно из ключевых предложений группы \u0026mdash; постепенная отмена с 2013 года льгот по земельному налогу и налогу на имущество, включая имущество естественных монополий. Об этом сегодня сообщила газета \u0026laquo;Ведомости\u0026raquo;. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Естественные монополии были освобождены от налога на имущество еще в начале 90-х годов. Перестали облагаться налогом: железнодорожное полотно (в том числе в собственности Калининградской железной дороги), магистральные трубопроводы и электросети (в том числе в собственности \u0026laquo;Янтарьэнерго\u0026raquo;), а также связанные с ними объекты, например, газораспределительные и железнодорожные станции или даже плотины, по которым проходят дороги. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E По расчетам Минфина РФ, в случае приобщения монополий к общим условиям хозяйствования и к 2016 году ставка налога на имущество для них будет увеличена до 2,2%, а совокупные доходы регионов в результате должны вырасти с 14,5 до 80 млрд руб. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E \u0026laquo;Прохождение озвученного предложения связано в первую очередь с оценкой влияния возрастающего налогового бремени на тарифы по перевозкам. Не станет ли это серьезным фактором для удорожания услуг монополий, а значит, негативно будет влиять на экономическую активность? В конечном итоге все эти дополнительные расходы могут лечь на плечи потребителей. С другой стороны, принцип всеобщности налогообложения \u0026mdash; правильный\u0026raquo;, - отмечает министр финансов Калининградской области Виктор Порембский. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Оценить фискальный эффект для бюджета Калининградской области от внедрения в государственную практику \u0026laquo;предложения Хлопонина\u0026raquo; Виктор Порембский затруднился. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E По мнению экс-министра экономики Александры Смирновой, под предлогом освобождения от налоговых льгот естественных монополий самое время провести ревизию их профильных и непрофильных активов, и выяснить реальный, а не декларируемый ресурс снижения их издержек. \u0026laquo;Проблема льгот для монополий довольно подробно исследована российским экономистом Екатериной Журавской. В ее работах показывается, что с начала централизации в 2000 году очень сильно повысилась концентрация государственных преференций. Это значит, что меньшее количество фирм стало их получать, но каждая из них начала получать все больше преференций. То есть, сбор налогов идет со всех, а выгоды распределяются между немногими. Это могут быть очень разные выгоды, например, льготные кредиты на поддержку экспорта, помощь государства в кризис, субсидии на покрытие убытков. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Вообще, когда для доказательства того, что монополии едва сводят концы с концами, рассчитывается налоговая нагрузка - это лукавство с нескольких сторон. Во-первых, фактическая нагрузка, которая рассчитывается как объем фактических налоговых доходов к выпуску отрасли или к произведенной добавленной стоимости, рассчитывается в целом по отрасли, а монополии как раз самые низкооблагаемые в отрасли за счет льгот. Но \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E при расчете нагрузки все усредняется. Во-вторых, не учитываются уже \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E упомянутые субсидии на покрытие убытков, льготные кредиты и прочие вещи, которые получают, в основном, крупные компании, часто монополии, и которые эту высокую нагрузку во многом компенсируют, но только для этих монополий, а не для всех\u0026raquo;, - отмечает Александра Смирнова. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E По ее мнению, тот факт, что монополии в ответ на отмену для них льгот могут поднять тарифы, стоит воспринимать как шантаж. \u0026laquo;Структура их доходов и расходов непрозрачна, что не позволяет абсолютно никак их контролировать. А с этого как раз, на мой взгляд, и надо начать децентрализацию - раскрыть, наконец, отчетность монополий полностью, включая забалансовые статьи, непрофильные активы и все остальное\u0026raquo;, - считает Александра Смирнова.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\r\n\u003Cp\u003EРабочая группа вице-премьера правительства РФ Александра Хлопонина разработала предложения о перераспределении налоговых доходов в пользу регионов. Одно из ключевых предложений группы \u0026mdash; постепенная отмена с 2013 года льгот по земельному налогу и налогу на имущество, включая имущество естественных монополий. Об этом сегодня сообщила газета \u0026laquo;Ведомости\u0026raquo;. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Естественные монополии были освобождены от налога на имущество еще в начале 90-х годов. Перестали облагаться налогом: железнодорожное полотно (в том числе в собственности Калининградской железной дороги), магистральные трубопроводы и электросети (в том числе в собственности \u0026laquo;Янтарьэнерго\u0026raquo;), а также связанные с ними объекты, например, газораспределительные и железнодорожные станции или даже плотины, по которым проходят дороги. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E По расчетам Минфина РФ, в случае приобщения монополий к общим условиям хозяйствования и к 2016 году ставка налога на имущество для них будет увеличена до 2,2%, а совокупные доходы регионов в результате должны вырасти с 14,5 до 80 млрд руб. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E \u0026laquo;Прохождение озвученного предложения связано в первую очередь с оценкой влияния возрастающего налогового бремени на тарифы по перевозкам. Не станет ли это серьезным фактором для удорожания услуг монополий, а значит, негативно будет влиять на экономическую активность? В конечном итоге все эти дополнительные расходы могут лечь на плечи потребителей. С другой стороны, принцип всеобщности налогообложения \u0026mdash; правильный\u0026raquo;, - отмечает министр финансов Калининградской области Виктор Порембский. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Оценить фискальный эффект для бюджета Калининградской области от внедрения в государственную практику \u0026laquo;предложения Хлопонина\u0026raquo; Виктор Порембский затруднился. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E По мнению экс-министра экономики Александры Смирновой, под предлогом освобождения от налоговых льгот естественных монополий самое время провести ревизию их профильных и непрофильных активов, и выяснить реальный, а не декларируемый ресурс снижения их издержек. \u0026laquo;Проблема льгот для монополий довольно подробно исследована российским экономистом Екатериной Журавской. В ее работах показывается, что с начала централизации в 2000 году очень сильно повысилась концентрация государственных преференций. Это значит, что меньшее количество фирм стало их получать, но каждая из них начала получать все больше преференций. То есть, сбор налогов идет со всех, а выгоды распределяются между немногими. Это могут быть очень разные выгоды, например, льготные кредиты на поддержку экспорта, помощь государства в кризис, субсидии на покрытие убытков. \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E Вообще, когда для доказательства того, что монополии едва сводят концы с концами, рассчитывается налоговая нагрузка - это лукавство с нескольких сторон. Во-первых, фактическая нагрузка, которая рассчитывается как объем фактических налоговых доходов к выпуску отрасли или к произведенной добавленной стоимости, рассчитывается в целом по отрасли, а монополии как раз самые низкооблагаемые в отрасли за счет льгот. Но \u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E при расчете нагрузки все усредняется. 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А с этого как раз, на мой взгляд, и надо начать децентрализацию - раскрыть, наконец, отчетность монополий полностью, включая забалансовые статьи, непрофильные активы и все остальное\u0026raquo;, - считает Александра Смирнова.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","PREVIEW_TEXT":"Александра Смирнова: Когда для доказательства того, что монополии едва сводят концы с концами, рассчитывается налоговая нагрузка - это лукавство с нескольких сторон.","~PREVIEW_TEXT":"Александра Смирнова: Когда для доказательства того, что монополии едва сводят концы с концами, рассчитывается налоговая нагрузка - это лукавство с нескольких сторон.","PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","~PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","DETAIL_PICTURE":{"ID":"231941","TIMESTAMP_X":"30.01.2015 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