РЭШ: Повышение прозрачности работы таможни приводит к отрицательным результатам

Фото customs.ru

{"ID":"430466","~ID":"430466","TAGS":"идк, таможня, рэш","~TAGS":"идк, таможня, рэш","NAME":"РЭШ: Повышение прозрачности работы таможни приводит к отрицательным результатам","~NAME":"РЭШ: Повышение прозрачности работы таможни приводит к отрицательным результатам","IBLOCK_ID":"54","~IBLOCK_ID":"54","IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","~IBLOCK_SECTION_ID":"829","DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EУстановка инспекционно-досмотровых комплексов (ИДК) на пунктах пропуска вместо увеличения скорости оформления грузов привела к обратным результатам. Исследование центра экономических и финансовых разработок при Российской экономической школе показало, что на тех таможенных постах, где такие установки появились, по сравнению с таможенными постами, где таких установок нет, в 2007-2009 годах было зарегистрировано 20%-е снижение экспортных потоков. Соответствующие данные в своей колонке на \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.forbes.ru\/ekonomika-column\/vlast\/68208-tamozhennyi-nedosmotr\u0022 \u003EForbes.ru\u003C\/a\u003E приводит ведущий научный сотрудник ЦЭФИР Наталья Волчкова. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\u0026laquo;Задача ИДК \u0026mdash; обеспечить максимально быстрый досмотр грузов путем электронного сканирования содержимого транспортных средств без их разгрузки. По сути, та самая процедура, с которой каждый из нас сталкивается при досмотре багажа в аэропорту, теперь должна была стать доступной и для больших транспортных средств, пересекающих некоторые таможенные посты России. Для экспортеров, впрочем, как и для импортеров, это означало бы сокращение в разы процедуры прохождения таможни, а также экономию на разгрузке и погрузке товаров, которые таможенники ранее досматривали почти вручную, - отмечает эксперт. - Одно из объяснений парадоксальной ситуации, когда увеличение прозрачности и упрощение в целом контрольной процедуры приводит к отрицательному результату, может быть связано с коррупцией, пронизывающей всю систему таможенного контроля сверху донизу. Для бизнеса, сталкивающегося с таможенными органами, единственная возможность выживания и функционирования \u0026mdash; в приспособлении к коррупционным схемам. В этом случае прозрачность отдельных процедур не играет на руку ни таможенникам, ни бизнесу, так как разрушает единичные сложившиеся коррупционные связи без радикальной \u0026laquo;зачистки\u0026raquo; всех остальных. Потеря доходов в одном месте коррупционной схемы приводит к поиску компенсации в другом \u0026mdash; и результат, к сожалению, плачевен для экономики\u0026raquo;.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nОтметим, что по данным СМИ, по состоянию на конец 2009 года в Калининградской области числилось два ИДК, \u0026laquo;привязанных\u0026raquo; к автомобильным таможенным постам в Багратионовске и Советске.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nМежду тем Наталия Волчкова констатирует, что \u0026laquo;сложности\u0026raquo; с ИДК начались еще на стадии их закупки. Так, Счетная палата РФ обнаружила, что при цене производителя таких установок порядка 30 млн руб. российская таможня заплатила за каждую около 100 млн руб. Мало того, эффективность использования установок оказалась очень низкой: их загрузка в среднем не превышает 12%, часы работы не совпадают с часами работы таможни и в некоторых случаях их разместили в таможенных пунктах, через которые проходят не более двух транспортных средств в день. \u003C\/p\u003E","~DETAIL_TEXT":"\u003Cp\u003EУстановка инспекционно-досмотровых комплексов (ИДК) на пунктах пропуска вместо увеличения скорости оформления грузов привела к обратным результатам. Исследование центра экономических и финансовых разработок при Российской экономической школе показало, что на тех таможенных постах, где такие установки появились, по сравнению с таможенными постами, где таких установок нет, в 2007-2009 годах было зарегистрировано 20%-е снижение экспортных потоков. Соответствующие данные в своей колонке на \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.forbes.ru\/ekonomika-column\/vlast\/68208-tamozhennyi-nedosmotr\u0022 \u003EForbes.ru\u003C\/a\u003E приводит ведущий научный сотрудник ЦЭФИР Наталья Волчкова. \r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\u0026laquo;Задача ИДК \u0026mdash; обеспечить максимально быстрый досмотр грузов путем электронного сканирования содержимого транспортных средств без их разгрузки. По сути, та самая процедура, с которой каждый из нас сталкивается при досмотре багажа в аэропорту, теперь должна была стать доступной и для больших транспортных средств, пересекающих некоторые таможенные посты России. Для экспортеров, впрочем, как и для импортеров, это означало бы сокращение в разы процедуры прохождения таможни, а также экономию на разгрузке и погрузке товаров, которые таможенники ранее досматривали почти вручную, - отмечает эксперт. - Одно из объяснений парадоксальной ситуации, когда увеличение прозрачности и упрощение в целом контрольной процедуры приводит к отрицательному результату, может быть связано с коррупцией, пронизывающей всю систему таможенного контроля сверху донизу. Для бизнеса, сталкивающегося с таможенными органами, единственная возможность выживания и функционирования \u0026mdash; в приспособлении к коррупционным схемам. В этом случае прозрачность отдельных процедур не играет на руку ни таможенникам, ни бизнесу, так как разрушает единичные сложившиеся коррупционные связи без радикальной \u0026laquo;зачистки\u0026raquo; всех остальных. Потеря доходов в одном месте коррупционной схемы приводит к поиску компенсации в другом \u0026mdash; и результат, к сожалению, плачевен для экономики\u0026raquo;.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nОтметим, что по данным СМИ, по состоянию на конец 2009 года в Калининградской области числилось два ИДК, \u0026laquo;привязанных\u0026raquo; к автомобильным таможенным постам в Багратионовске и Советске.\r\n\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\r\nМежду тем Наталия Волчкова констатирует, что \u0026laquo;сложности\u0026raquo; с ИДК начались еще на стадии их закупки. Так, Счетная палата РФ обнаружила, что при цене производителя таких установок порядка 30 млн руб. российская таможня заплатила за каждую около 100 млн руб. Мало того, эффективность использования установок оказалась очень низкой: их загрузка в среднем не превышает 12%, часы работы не совпадают с часами работы таможни и в некоторых случаях их разместили в таможенных пунктах, через которые проходят не более двух транспортных средств в день. \u003C\/p\u003E","DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","~DETAIL_TEXT_TYPE":"html","PREVIEW_TEXT":"Эксперты отмечают, что ни таможенникам, ни приспособившемуся к коррупционным\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;схему бизнесу повышение прозрачности процедур «не играет на руку».","~PREVIEW_TEXT":"Эксперты отмечают, что ни таможенникам, ни приспособившемуся к коррупционным  схему бизнесу повышение прозрачности процедур «не играет на руку».","PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","~PREVIEW_TEXT_TYPE":"text","DETAIL_PICTURE":{"ID":"211516","TIMESTAMP_X":"30.01.2015 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